\begin{table}\tiny
\caption{List of case characteristics we use as predictors in our models, including information about their source. Variables marked with a star were created by the authors using data in the source dataset, whereas variables without a star are original variables from the source dataset (with minimal cleaning).}\label{tab:CasePredictors}\begin{tabular}{lllllll}
Variable Description & Variable Name & Mean & Std. Dev. & Modal Value & Modal Value \% & Variable Source \\
\hline \\
Appeal Type & APPTYPE & -- & -- & 4 & 0.744 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Type of Joined Appeal & JOINAPP & -- & -- & 0 & 0.928 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Plaintiff Appellant$^*$ & d.PLT.APPELLAN & 0.341 & 0.474 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Defendant Appellant$^*$ & d.DEF.APPELLAN & 0.051 & 0.220 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
City Appellant$^*$ & CITY.APPELLANT & 0.010 & 0.098 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
City Appellee$^*$ & CITY.APPELLEE & 0.043 & 0.204 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Bank Appellant$^*$ & BANK.APPELLANT & 0.000 & 0.000 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Bank Appellee$^*$ & BANK.APPELLEE & 0.009 & 0.094 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
State Appellant$^*$ & STATE.APPELLANT & 0.010 & 0.100 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
State Appellee$^*$ & STATE.APPELLEE & 0.045 & 0.207 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
US Appellant & USAPT & 0.019 & 0.135 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
US Appellee & USAPE & 0.141 & 0.348 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Multiple Appellants$^*$ & MULTIPLE.APPELLANT & 0.204 & 0.403 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Multiple Appellees$^*$ & MULTIPLE.APPELLEE & 0.341 & 0.474 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Pro Se Appellee$^*$ & APLEPROSE & 0.009 & 0.092 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Originating District & DDIST & -- & -- & cacd & 0.294 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Originating District Division & DOFFICE & -- & -- & cacd\_2 & 0.244 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Jurisdictional Basis & JURIS & -- & -- & 3 & 0.556 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Nature of Suit Code & NOS & -- & -- & 440 & 0.144 & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Civil Rights$^*$ & CIVILRIGHTS & 0.256 & 0.437 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Personal Injury$^*$ & PI & 0.051 & 0.220 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Tort$^*$ & TORT & 0.103 & 0.304 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Social Security$^*$ & SS & 0.090 & 0.286 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Forfeiture$^*$ & FORF & 0.010 & 0.097 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Labor$^*$ & LABOR & 0.088 & 0.283 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Contract$^*$ & CONTRACT & 0.177 & 0.381 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Real Property$^*$ & RP & 0.023 & 0.148 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Plaintiff Prevailed in Dist. Ct.$^*$ & d.pwon & 0.192 & 0.394 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Appeals \\
Plaintiff County of Residence & d.COUNTY & -- & -- & 06037 & 0.184 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. Pro Se Status & d.PROSE & -- & -- & 0 & 0.827 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. IFP Status & d.IFP & -- & -- & -- & 0.972 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Plaintiff Residence Status$^*$ & d.PLRES & -- & -- &  & 0.792 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Defendant Residence Status$^*$ & d.DEFRES & -- & -- &  & 0.792 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Statutory Section & d.SECTION & -- & -- & OTHER & 0.196 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Statutory Subsection & d.SUBSECT & -- & -- & OTHER & 0.310 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Arbitration at Filing & d.ARBIT & 0.019 & 0.135 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Civil \\
Class Action Allegations & d.CLASSACT & 0.048 & 0.213 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Civil \\
Termination of Class Action & d.TRCLACT & -- & -- & NOT.APP & 0.955 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Jury Demanded & d.JURY & -- & -- & OTHER & 0.765 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Procedural Progress & d.PROCPROG & -- & -- & 4 & 0.424 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Case Transferred$^*$ & d.TRANSFERRED & 0.028 & 0.164 & -- & -- & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. Disposition & d.DISP & -- & -- & 6 & 0.473 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. NOJ & d.NOJ & -- & -- & 0 & 0.630 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. Judgment & d.JUDGMENT & -- & -- & 2 & 0.479 & FJC IDB Civil \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Indicator$^*$ & d.jud & -- & -- & OTHER & 0.375 & Original Docket Database \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Republican$^*$ & d.republican & 0.556 & 0.497 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Woman$^*$ & d.woman & 0.225 & 0.417 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Black$^*$ & d.black & 0.121 & 0.326 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Other Minority$^*$ & d.nw\_nb & 0.122 & 0.328 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience as Prosecutor$^*$ & d.exp\_prosecutor & 0.433 & 0.496 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience as Pub. Def.$^*$ & d.exp\_defender & 0.084 & 0.278 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience as Other Federal Judge$^*$ & d.exp\_jud\_oth\_fed & 0.041 & 0.199 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience as State Judge$^*$ & d.exp\_jud\_state & 0.499 & 0.500 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience as Magistrate$^*$ & d.exp\_jud\_mag & 0.120 & 0.325 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience in Civil Rights$^*$ & d.exp\_civr & 0.009 & 0.096 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
Dist. Ct. Judge Experience in Military$^*$ & d.exp\_mil & 0.174 & 0.379 & -- & -- & Original Docket Database; FJC Biographical Directory \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}